Woodham Brothers Ltd is a trading business, based mainly around activities and premises located within Barry Docks, in Barry, South Wales. It is noted globally for its 1960s activity as a scrapyard, where nearly 300 withdrawn British Railways steam locomotives were sent there, and ultimately 213 were rescued for the developing railway preservation movement.
Established in 1892 as Woodham & Sons by Albert Woodham, the company was based at Thomson Street, Barry. The company bought old rope, dunnage wood and scrap metal from the ships, boats and marine businesses which used the newly created Barry Docks,[1] which it then resold or scrapped.
Albert retired in 1947, when his youngest son David Lloyd Woodham ("Dai") returned from duty in World War II with the artillery regiment in Italy. Dai renamed the business Woodham Brothers Ltd in 1953, creating four lines of business under four separate companies, which between them employed 200 people: Woodham Brothers, Woodham Transport, Woodham Marine and Woodham Metals
By the mid-1950s, Woodham Brothers was trading mainly as a scrap metal merchants, producing high quality scrap metal for the newly nationalised steel industry. Dai Woodham as a result of the British Rail decision negotiated a contract in 1957 to scrap metal mainly from the Western Region, covering like other scrap merchants the easily handled railway line and rolling stock, the more complex steam locomotives were to be handled solely by the railway works.
As none of the many South Wales based scrap merchants knew how long the work from scrapping the short wheel base coal wagons from the former South Wales coalfield, they all choose to scrap these first.
Each lot of metal was bought at an auction as a piece of rolling stock or infrastructure, with each lot having a priority for scrapping as detailed by British Railways. Woodham's premises which were based at Barry Docks, agreed an extended lease with the British Transport Docks Board, over the former marshalling yards of the almost redundant Barry Docks, close to what were the locomotives works of the former Barry Railway Company close to Barry Island.
This allowed them to store large quantities of rolling stock that they had bought from British Railways, before they were scrapped
Tuesday, May 4, 2010
Friday, July 31, 2009
Factors That Determine Price Movement
Forex Prices
If you want to be successful at forex trading then you need to know how and why prices move - many traders think this is obvious but its not and that's why 95% of traders lose. Here we will look at the factors that move currency markets and how you can profit.
First let's start with a simple equation:
Supply and Demand Fundamentals + Investor Perception = Price
While the above equation is simple enough, it's deceptive and most traders fail to understand its significance, when they learn forex trading.
Fundamentals
These are the supply and demand facts and they help move price but the person studying these facts has a problem - while the facts are there for all to see, we all see them differently and draw our own conclusions about what they mean.
Our actions combined with millions of other traders, creates the price.
The facts are there for all traders to see but we all draw different conclusions that's why the facts alone are not enough to help you trade.
It's a fact that markets collapse when they are most bullish and rally when they are at their most bearish - this is investor psychology at work.
Investor Perception
Of the facts creates the price and we are not creatures of logic, we are creatures of emotion and these are reflected in the price.
It's a fact that greed and fear dominate investors and these emotions cause price spikes away from fair value. These price spikes never last long and are easy to see on any forex chart and they never last long and return to fair value.
So what do you need to understand in terms of the above, in terms of your forex education? Here are the salient points:
- Never predict price movement as humans behaviour cannot be predicted - Trading fundamentals by themselves is hard as its only half the equation - Trading is a game of odds and you need to get the odds in your favour to win
Now you know the above how do you get a forex trading strategy for currency trading success?
The simplest way is to base your forex trading strategy on forex technical analysis.
Not only does it take into account the fundamentals it also takes into account how investors perceive them.
Technical analysis simply assumes that all fundamentals will be quickly be reflected in price action and in today's world of instant communications and online trading, this is truer than ever before.
Technical analysis more importantly, takes into account how investors perceive the fundamentals. While prices do not move to a scientific theory, human nature is constant and this is reflected in repetitive price patterns on any forex chart.
While charting is not a science, certain formations that present themselves do offer trades where you can put the odds in your favour, with a robust currency trading system.
You won't win every trade - but if you trade the odds, you will win more than you lose and pile up huge long term profits.
Most novice traders when they try and learn currency exchange don't understand the way prices really move and think they can predict, trade news stories and use scientific theories and they lose. To win at forex trading the best way to trade is to trade the reality of forex prices changes - without predicting, focus on the odds and assume any trade can go wrong.
The equation for forex price movement is essentially simple but deceptive.
Now you know how and why forex prices really move, you can build a forex trading system to help you enjoy currency trading success.
If you want to be successful at forex trading then you need to know how and why prices move - many traders think this is obvious but its not and that's why 95% of traders lose. Here we will look at the factors that move currency markets and how you can profit.
First let's start with a simple equation:
Supply and Demand Fundamentals + Investor Perception = Price
While the above equation is simple enough, it's deceptive and most traders fail to understand its significance, when they learn forex trading.
Fundamentals
These are the supply and demand facts and they help move price but the person studying these facts has a problem - while the facts are there for all to see, we all see them differently and draw our own conclusions about what they mean.
Our actions combined with millions of other traders, creates the price.
The facts are there for all traders to see but we all draw different conclusions that's why the facts alone are not enough to help you trade.
It's a fact that markets collapse when they are most bullish and rally when they are at their most bearish - this is investor psychology at work.
Investor Perception
Of the facts creates the price and we are not creatures of logic, we are creatures of emotion and these are reflected in the price.
It's a fact that greed and fear dominate investors and these emotions cause price spikes away from fair value. These price spikes never last long and are easy to see on any forex chart and they never last long and return to fair value.
So what do you need to understand in terms of the above, in terms of your forex education? Here are the salient points:
- Never predict price movement as humans behaviour cannot be predicted - Trading fundamentals by themselves is hard as its only half the equation - Trading is a game of odds and you need to get the odds in your favour to win
Now you know the above how do you get a forex trading strategy for currency trading success?
The simplest way is to base your forex trading strategy on forex technical analysis.
Not only does it take into account the fundamentals it also takes into account how investors perceive them.
Technical analysis simply assumes that all fundamentals will be quickly be reflected in price action and in today's world of instant communications and online trading, this is truer than ever before.
Technical analysis more importantly, takes into account how investors perceive the fundamentals. While prices do not move to a scientific theory, human nature is constant and this is reflected in repetitive price patterns on any forex chart.
While charting is not a science, certain formations that present themselves do offer trades where you can put the odds in your favour, with a robust currency trading system.
You won't win every trade - but if you trade the odds, you will win more than you lose and pile up huge long term profits.
Most novice traders when they try and learn currency exchange don't understand the way prices really move and think they can predict, trade news stories and use scientific theories and they lose. To win at forex trading the best way to trade is to trade the reality of forex prices changes - without predicting, focus on the odds and assume any trade can go wrong.
The equation for forex price movement is essentially simple but deceptive.
Now you know how and why forex prices really move, you can build a forex trading system to help you enjoy currency trading success.
Sunday, May 17, 2009
Spice Trade
Spice trade is a commercial activity of ancient origin which involves the merchandising of spices and herbs.
1. Civilizations of Asia were involved in spice trade from the ancient times, and the Greco-Roman world soon followed by trading along the Incense route.
2. and the Roman-India routes.
3. The Roman-Indian routes were dependent upon techniques developed by the maritime trading power, Kingdom of Axum (ca 400s BC–AD 1000s) which had pioneered the Red Sea route before the 1st century.
When they encountered Rome (circa 30 BCE– 10 CE) they shared knowledge of riding the Monsoons of the route on to Rome, keeping a cordial relationship with one another until the mid-seventh century, when the rise of Islam closed off the overland caravan routes through Egypt and the Suez, and sundered the European trade community from Axum and India. Arab traders eventually took over conveying goods via the Levant and Venetian merchants to Europe until the rise of the Ottoman Turks cut the route again by 1453.
Overland routes helped the spice trade initially, but maritime trade routes led to tremendous growth in commercial activities. During the high and late medieval periods Muslim traders dominated maritime spice trading routes throughout the Indian Ocean, tapping source regions in the Far East and shipping spices from trading emporiums in India westward to the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, from which overland routes led to Europe.
The trade was transformed by the European Age of Discovery, during which spice trade became an influential activity for European traders. The route from Europe to the Indian Ocean via the Cape of Good Hope was pioneered by European navigators, such as Vasco Da Gama, resulting in new maritime routes for trade.
This trade — driving the world economy from the end of the middle ages well into the modern times - ushered an age of European domination in the East. Channels, such as the Bay of Bengal, served as bridges for cultural and commercial exchanges between diverse cultures as nations struggled to gain control of the trade along the many spice routes.
European dominance was slow to develop. The Portuguese trade routes were mainly restricted and limited by the use of ancient and difficult to dominate routes, ports, and nations. The Dutch were later able to bypass much of these problems by pioneering a direct ocean route from the Cape of Good Hope to the Sunda Strait in Indonesia.
Thursday, May 14, 2009
The International Trade
International trade is the exchange of goods and services across national borders. In most countries, it represents a significant part of GDP. While international trade has been present throughout much of history, its economic, social, and political importance have increased in recent centuries, mainly because of Industrialisation, advanced transportation, globalisation, multinational corporations, and outsourcing. In fact, it is probably the increasing prevalence of international trade that is usually meant by the term "globalisation".
Empirical evidence for the success of trade can be seen in the contrast between countries such as South Korea, which adopted a policy of export-oriented industrialisation, and India, which historically had a more closed policy (although it has begun to open its economy, as of 2005). South Korea has done much better by economic criteria than India over the past fifty years, though its success also has to do with effective state institutions. read the story...
related articles:
Trade Policies of other Countries
Trades 20th century
Trading Communities and Customs Unions
Empirical evidence for the success of trade can be seen in the contrast between countries such as South Korea, which adopted a policy of export-oriented industrialisation, and India, which historically had a more closed policy (although it has begun to open its economy, as of 2005). South Korea has done much better by economic criteria than India over the past fifty years, though its success also has to do with effective state institutions. read the story...
related articles:
Trade Policies of other Countries
Trades 20th century
Trading Communities and Customs Unions
Wednesday, May 13, 2009
The Trading Business
Trade is the voluntary exchange of goods, services, or both. Trade is also called commerce. A mechanism that allows trade is called a market.
The original form of trade was barter, the direct exchange of goods and services. Later one side of the barter were the metals, precious metals (poles, coins), bill, paper money.
Modern traders instead generally negotiate through a medium of exchange, such as money. As a result, buying can be separated from selling, or earning.
The invention of money (and later credit, paper money and non-physical money) greatly simplified and promoted trade.
Trade between two traders is called bilateral trade, while trade between more than two traders is called multilateral trade.
Trade exists for man due to specialization and division of labor, most people concentrate on a small aspect of production, trading for other products.
Trade exists between regions because different regions have a comparative advantage in the production of some tradable commodity, or because different regions' size allows for the benefits of mass production.
As such, trade at market prices between locations benefits both locations.
Trading can also refer to the action performed by traders and other market agents in the financial markets.
Trade originated with the start of communication in prehistoric times. Trading was the main facility of prehistoric people, who bartered goods and services from each other before the innovation of the modern day currency.
Peter Watson dates the history of long-distance commerce from circa 150,000 years ago.
Trade is believed to have taken place throughout much of recorded human history. There is evidence of the exchange of obsidian and flint during the stone age.
Materials used for creating jewelry were traded with Egypt since 3000 BC. Long-range trade routes first appeared in the 3rd millennium BC, when Sumerians in Mesopotamia traded with the Harappan civilization of the Indus Valley.
The Phoenicians were noted sea traders, traveling across the Mediterranean Sea, and as far north as Britain for sources of tin to manufacture bronze. For this purpose they established trade colonies the Greeks called emporia.
From the beginning of Greek civilization until the fall of the Roman empire in the 5th century, a financially lucrative trade brought valuable spice to Europe from the far east, including China. Roman commerce allowed its empire to flourish and endure.
The Roman empire produced a stable and secure transportation network that enabled the shipment of trade goods without fear of significant piracy.
The original form of trade was barter, the direct exchange of goods and services. Later one side of the barter were the metals, precious metals (poles, coins), bill, paper money.
Modern traders instead generally negotiate through a medium of exchange, such as money. As a result, buying can be separated from selling, or earning.
The invention of money (and later credit, paper money and non-physical money) greatly simplified and promoted trade.
Trade between two traders is called bilateral trade, while trade between more than two traders is called multilateral trade.
Trade exists for man due to specialization and division of labor, most people concentrate on a small aspect of production, trading for other products.
Trade exists between regions because different regions have a comparative advantage in the production of some tradable commodity, or because different regions' size allows for the benefits of mass production.
As such, trade at market prices between locations benefits both locations.
Trading can also refer to the action performed by traders and other market agents in the financial markets.
Trade originated with the start of communication in prehistoric times. Trading was the main facility of prehistoric people, who bartered goods and services from each other before the innovation of the modern day currency.
Peter Watson dates the history of long-distance commerce from circa 150,000 years ago.
Trade is believed to have taken place throughout much of recorded human history. There is evidence of the exchange of obsidian and flint during the stone age.
Materials used for creating jewelry were traded with Egypt since 3000 BC. Long-range trade routes first appeared in the 3rd millennium BC, when Sumerians in Mesopotamia traded with the Harappan civilization of the Indus Valley.
The Phoenicians were noted sea traders, traveling across the Mediterranean Sea, and as far north as Britain for sources of tin to manufacture bronze. For this purpose they established trade colonies the Greeks called emporia.
From the beginning of Greek civilization until the fall of the Roman empire in the 5th century, a financially lucrative trade brought valuable spice to Europe from the far east, including China. Roman commerce allowed its empire to flourish and endure.
The Roman empire produced a stable and secure transportation network that enabled the shipment of trade goods without fear of significant piracy.
Exchanged Merchandise
Between 1440 and 1880 Europeans and North Americans exchanged merchandise for slaves along 5600 km (3500 miles) of Africa’s western and west central Atlantic coasts. These slaves were then transported to other locations around the Atlantic Ocean. read the story...
other story to read:
Emergence of Modern Foreign Trade
Although foreign trade was an important part of ancient and medieval economies, it acquired new significance after about 1500.
As empires and colonies were established by European countries, trade became an arm of governmental policy. read the sotory...
related story:
Modernization and Innovation of Trade Business
Trade Policies of other Countries
Trades 20th century
Trading Communities and Customs Unions
other story to read:
Emergence of Modern Foreign Trade
Although foreign trade was an important part of ancient and medieval economies, it acquired new significance after about 1500.
As empires and colonies were established by European countries, trade became an arm of governmental policy. read the sotory...
related story:
Modernization and Innovation of Trade Business
Trade Policies of other Countries
Trades 20th century
Trading Communities and Customs Unions
International Trade
International trade is the exchange of goods and services across national borders. In most countries, it represents a significant part of GDP. While international trade has been present throughout much of history, its economic, social, and political importance have increased in recent centuries, mainly because of Industrialisation, advanced transportation, globalisation, multinational corporations, and outsourcing. In fact, it is probably the increasing prevalence of international trade that is usually meant by the term "globalisation".
Empirical evidence for the success of trade can be seen in the contrast between countries such as South Korea, which adopted a policy of export-oriented industrialisation, and India, which historically had a more closed policy (although it has begun to open its economy, as of 2005). South Korea has done much better by economic criteria than India over the past fifty years, though its success also has to do with effective state institutions.
Trade sanctions against a specific country are sometimes imposed, in order to punish that country for some action. An embargo, a severe form of externally imposed isolation, is a blockade of all trade by one country on another. For example, the United States has had an embargo against Cuba for over 40 years.
Although there are usually few trade restrictions within countries, international trade is usually regulated by governmental quotas and restrictions, and often taxed by tariffs. Tariffs are usually on imports, but sometimes countries may impose export tariffs or subsidies. All of these are called trade barriers. If a government removes all trade barriers, a condition of free trade exists. A government that implements a protectionist policy establishes trade barriers.
The fair trade movement, also known as the trade justice movement, promotes the use of labour, environmental and social standards for the production of commodities, particularly those exported from the Third and Second Worlds to the First World. Such ideas have also sparked a debate on whether trade itself should be codified as a human right.
Standards may be voluntarily adhered to by importing firms, or enforced by governments through a combination of employment and commercial law. Proposed and practiced fair trade policies vary widely, ranging from the commonly adhered to prohibition of goods made using slave labour to minimum price support schemes such as those for coffee in the 1980s. Non-governmental organizations also play a role in promoting fair trade standards by serving as independent monitors of compliance with fairtrade labelling requirements.
related articles:
Trade Policies of other Countries
Trades 20th century
Trading Communities and Customs Unions
Import Quotas
Empirical evidence for the success of trade can be seen in the contrast between countries such as South Korea, which adopted a policy of export-oriented industrialisation, and India, which historically had a more closed policy (although it has begun to open its economy, as of 2005). South Korea has done much better by economic criteria than India over the past fifty years, though its success also has to do with effective state institutions.
Trade sanctions against a specific country are sometimes imposed, in order to punish that country for some action. An embargo, a severe form of externally imposed isolation, is a blockade of all trade by one country on another. For example, the United States has had an embargo against Cuba for over 40 years.
Although there are usually few trade restrictions within countries, international trade is usually regulated by governmental quotas and restrictions, and often taxed by tariffs. Tariffs are usually on imports, but sometimes countries may impose export tariffs or subsidies. All of these are called trade barriers. If a government removes all trade barriers, a condition of free trade exists. A government that implements a protectionist policy establishes trade barriers.
The fair trade movement, also known as the trade justice movement, promotes the use of labour, environmental and social standards for the production of commodities, particularly those exported from the Third and Second Worlds to the First World. Such ideas have also sparked a debate on whether trade itself should be codified as a human right.
Standards may be voluntarily adhered to by importing firms, or enforced by governments through a combination of employment and commercial law. Proposed and practiced fair trade policies vary widely, ranging from the commonly adhered to prohibition of goods made using slave labour to minimum price support schemes such as those for coffee in the 1980s. Non-governmental organizations also play a role in promoting fair trade standards by serving as independent monitors of compliance with fairtrade labelling requirements.
related articles:
Trade Policies of other Countries
Trades 20th century
Trading Communities and Customs Unions
Import Quotas
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